1.
A Swedish prospective, randomised placebo-controlled experimental double-blinded trial (n _ 60) investigated the effect of acupressure at P-6 on nausea induced by eccentric rotation. Mean time to nausea was significantly the longest in the P-6 group (352 seconds), compared to the placebo-acupressure group (280 seconds) and the untreated control group (151 seconds). Alkaissi et al, Can J Anaesth 2005.
2.
Tonsillectomy. There was the same incidence of nausea episodes in the TEAS group and in the ondansetron group, but significantly fewer episodes than in the untreated control group. Sideeffects were significantly higher in the ondansetron group. Kabalak et al, J Altern Complement Med 2005
3.
An Indian prospective, randomised, placebo-controlled, doubleblinded trial (n _ 120) investigated the effect of capsicum-plasters on P-6 on postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) compared to conventional treatment with ondansetron. For the duration of the plaster application (6 hours after the operation) the incidence of PONV and the requirement for antiemetics were significantly lower in both groups. Misra et al, Can J Anaesth 2005.
4.
A Turkish prospective, randomised, placebo-controlled, singleblinded trial (n _ 127) investigated the effect of transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS) at P-6 on the incidence and severity of nausea and gagging during gastroscopies. There were no significant differences between the treatment group and placebo group. Tarcin et al, Turk J Gastroenterol 2004.
5.
A Chinese prospective, non-blinded, randomised, group-comparison trial (n _ 30) investigated the effect of acupuncture at P-6 plus mexiletin on intermittent ventricular extrasystole. The treatment group had a total effective rate of 90% compared with the control group, who was administered mexiletin only (80% total effective rate). Only the acupuncture group showed no increase in extrasystole. Zhang et al, J Tradit Chin Med 2004.
6.
A Chinese group-comparison trial investigated the effect of acupuncture at P-6 in the treatment of patients with angina pectoris and acute myocardial infarct. The effectiveness of acupuncture was significantly better (91%) than conventional treatment with isosorbide dinitrate and nifedipine. Meng et al, J Tradit Chin Med 2004.
7.
A US prospective, controlled, group-comparison trial (n _ 77) investigated the effect of stimulation at P-6 on the symptoms of motion sickness during exposure to optokinetic drum rotation.Despite the extreme test conditions, stimulating P-6 delayed the onset of symptoms considerably. Miller et al, Aviat Space Environ Med 2004
8.
A Croatian prospective, single-blinded group-comparison trial (n _ 36) investigated the efficiency of acupuncture at P-6 in the treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum. Treatment results were measured by the requirement for anti-emetic medication. Acupuncture at P-6 had an efficiency rate of 90%, acupressure at P-6 64%, placebo acupuncture 12.5% and placebo acupressure 0%. Habek et al, Forsch Komplementarmed Klass Naturheilkd 2004
9.
In a German prospective, randomised, placebo-controlled double-blinded group-comparison trial acupuncture at P-6 significantly reduced the incidence of emesis after gynaecological and breast surgery (40% placebo, 25% P-6). Postoperative emesis was only reduced for gynaecological surgery, not for breast surgery. Streitberger et al, Anaesthesia 2004
10.
A Chinese prospective, randomised, single-blinded, placebocontrolled group-comparison trial (n _ 41) investigated the effect of twice daily acupressure at P-6, ST-36 and SP-6 on gastrointestinal motility following trans-abdominal hysterectomy. In comparison to the control group receiving acupressure on sham points, gastrointestinal motility (measured with a multifunctional stethoscope) increased significantly in the acupressure group. Chen et al, Am J Chin Med 2003
11.
A German prospective, randomised, placebo-controlled, singleblinded trial (n _ 80) investigated the anti-emetic effect of acupuncture at P-6 in addition to administration of ondansetron in patients with chemotherapy-related nausea. There was no significant difference between the treatment and control group. Streitberger et al, Clin Cancer Res 2003
12.
A US prospective, randomised, placebo-controlled, doubleblinded trial (n _ 230) investigated the effect of TENS at P-6 for the relief of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. Based on the Rhodes Index, results in the verum group were significantly better than in the control group. Rosen et al, Obstet Gynecol 2003
13.
A British prospective, partially randomised, partially blinded, placebo-controlled trial (n _ 301 patients with acute myocardial infarction, 125 of whom acted as a non-randomised control group) compared the effect of wristband-acupressure at P-6 with placebo-acupressure. P-6 led to a significant reduction in nausea and vomiting during the last 20 hours of the 24-hour study phase (18%), compared with the placebo group (32%) and the control group (43%). Dent et al, Complement Ther Med 2003
14.
A Swedish prospective case study (n _ 39) investigated the effect of P-6 combined with ondansetron for nausea and vomiting associated with cyclophosphamide chemotherapy. The authors stated that, compared with ondansetron treatment alone, the combined acupuncture-ondansetron treatment was significantly more effective, but they do not mention a control group. Josefson et al, Rheumatology (Oxford) 2003
15.
In a US prospective, randomised, single-blinded trial (n _ 53) the application of ‘minute sphere’ acupressure at P-6, ST-36, SP-6 and SP-4 showed no decrease of postoperative pain and morphine requirement after abdominal surgery. Sakurai et al, Anesth Analg 2003
16.
A Swedish prospective, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, multi-centre trial (n _ 410) investigated the effect of P-6 for the treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting after gynaecological surgery. The incidence of nausea and vomiting was significantly lower in the acupuncture group (33%) than in the control group (46%). Alkaissi et al, Can J Anaesth 2002
17.
A US prospective, randomised, placebo- and sham-controlled, double-blinded trial (n _ 120) investigated the effect of the prophylactic application of a ‘ReliefBand’ at P-6 on the incidence of nausea and vomiting after plastic surgery, compared to the application of the ReliefBand in addition to 4mg ondansetron. The occurrence of nausea and vomiting as well as the need for antiemetic ‘rescue’ medication was significantly the lowest in the P-6 plus ondansetron group. White et al, Anesthesiology 2002
18.
A Korean prospective, randomised, placebo-controlled, doubleblinded trial (n _ 160) investigated among other parameters the effect of a capsicum plaster applied at P-6 on postoperative nausea and vomiting. The incidence of nausea and vomiting was significantly less (P-6: 26% within 24 hours, placebo: 57%).Kim et al, Anesth Analg 2002
19.
A Japanese case study investigated the effect of different stimulation techniques at P-6 on the coronary arteries in patients with coronary heart disease. The mean coronary dilation with acupuncture was 69% of that caused by isosorbide dinitrate. Kurono et al, Am J Chin Med 2002
20.
A US prospective, randomised, sham-controlled, single-blinded trial (n _ 187) investigated the effect of P-6 on the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting in children. P-6 produced significantly better results than the sham points and was equally effective as administration of droperidol, but without the sedative, hypotensive side effects. Wang et al, Anesthesiology 2002
21.
A US prospective, randomised, sham-controlled, single-blinded trial (n _ 27) investigated the effect of P-6 on the incidence of nausea and vomiting during chemotherapy. Compared to the control group, the anti-emetic requirement was significantly lower in the P-6 group. Roscoe et al, Altern Ther Health Med 2002
22.
An Austrian prospective, randomised, placebo-controlled, experimental cross-over study (n _ 51) investigated the effect of acupuncture at P-6 on the skin blood perfusion measured by laser Doppler perfusion imaging. This was compared to needling a sham point. Changes in the skin blood perfusion occurred significantly earlier in the acupuncture group than in the sham group, with a basically more pronounced reduction in skin blood perfusion at the verum point. Litscher et al, Lasers Med Sci 2002
23.
A large-scale Australian prospective, randomised, sham-controlled trial (n _ 593) investigated the effect of acupuncture at P-6 on the incidence of nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy. Women receiving traditional acupuncture reported significantly less nausea after the second treatment and significantly less dry retching after the third week compared with women in the control group. Women treated with sham acupuncture showed significantly less nausea and retching after the third treatment compared with untreated women. Individualised acupuncture resulted in significantly less nausea and retching already after the first treatment. In this study none of the treatments had a significant influence on the frequency of vomiting. Smith et al, Birth 2002
24.
A US prospective, randomised, sham-controlled trial (n _ 120) investigated the influence of electro-acupuncture (EA) at P-6 on postoperative nausea and vomiting in paediatric patients who had undergone ENT surgery and were awake. EA at P-6 significantly decreased the incidence of nausea (P-6: 60%, sham: 85%, control group: 93%). While vomiting had the lowest incidence in the P-6 group, the difference from the other groups was not significant. Rusy et al, Anesthesiology 2002
25.
A Swedish prospective, randomised, placebo-controlled pilot study (n _ 60) investigated the effect of tuina (acupressure) at P-6 on pregnancy-related nausea and vomiting. The frequency of both nausea and vomiting was significantly lower in the acupressure group compared to the sham acupressure group and untreated control group. Werntoft et al, J Reprod Med 2001
26.
A US prospective, randomised, controlled trial (n _ 25) investigated the effect of an acupressure wrist band at P-6 on motion sickness. Both the symptoms of motion sickness and abnormal gastric activity as recorded via EEG were significantly lower in the group treated with wristbands at P-6. Stern et al, Altern Ther Health Med 2001
27.
A US prospective, randomised, placebo-controlled, singleblinded trial investigated the effect of ‘sea-bands’ (acupressure wristbands) at P-6 on the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting. There were no significant differences. Windle et al, J Perianesth Nurs 2001
28.
A Swedish prospective, randomised, sham-controlled, sin gleblinded cross-over study (n _ 33) investigated the effect of acupuncture at P-6 on pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum (vomiting in pregnancy). The verum group showed a significantly faster reduction of the nausea, and also a higher number of the patients experienced no vomiting. Carlsson et al, J Pain Symptom Manage 2000
29.
A Chinese prospective, controlled, randomised, group-comparison study (n _ 181) and a Chinese case study (n _ 33) demonstrated that electro-acupuncture at P-6 and P-8 as well as at L.I.-4, T.B.-5, ST-36 and SP-6 with de-escalating treatment frequency from four times daily to once weekly for a period of 15 and 28 days had a significant effect on the withdrawal symptoms of heroin addicts. Zhang et al, Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 2000; Wu et al, Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 2000
30.
A Taiwanese prospective, non-randomised, placebo-controlled, single-blinded experimental cross-over study (n _ 44) investigated the effect of acupuncture at P-6 on the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in 22 healthy subjects and 22 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). There was no change of LVEF in the healthy subjects while LVEF significantly increased in the CAD patients. Ho et al, Am J Chin Med 1999
31.
A US prospective, randomised, placebo-controlled, singleblinded trial (n _ 100) investigated the effect of pre-operative acupressure (verum group) and intra-operative acupuncture (verum and control group) at P-6 on postoperative nausea and vomiting after tonsillectomy in children. There were no significant differences. Shenkman et al, Anesthesiology 1999
32.
A Swedish prospective, randomised, placebo-controlled, double- blinded trial (n _ 60) investigated the effect of acupressure at P-6 on nausea and vomiting after minor gynaecological surgery. Only the group receiving acupressure at P-6 experienced no vomiting and also required no anti-emetic medication. Alkaissi et al, Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1999
33.
An Austrian prospective, randomised, placebo-controlled, doubleblinded trial investigated the effect of laser acupuncture at P-6 on nausea and vomiting in children undergoing strabismus surgery. The laser acupuncture was administered 15 minutes before induction of anaesthesia and 15 min after arriving in the recovery room. In the laser stimulation group, the incidence of vomiting was significantly lower (25%) than that in the placebo group (85%). Schlager et al, Br J Anaesth 1998
34.
Zhu P, Zhang M, Yang M, Puji D, Guo Y. Acupuncture Prevents the Atrial Fibrillation through Improving Remodeling of Atrial Appendage in Rats. J Tradi Med Clin Natur. 2016;5(186):2.